Discover the water percentage in ice and snow, exploring their different states and structures.
Discover Astatine, the rarest naturally occurring element on Earth, with just under 1 gram present in the crust.
Discover the ancient origins of thorium, a naturally occurring radioactive element found in the Earth today.
Discover the cosmic origins and rarity of boron, a unique element crucial for various applications.
Explore the origins of life on Earth and discover why fungi were not the first organisms.
Explore the binary theory of Earth's origin proposed by Otto Schmidt, and how it differs from other formation theories.
Learn how Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field safeguard us from harmful gamma rays.
Explore the catastrophic effects of a gamma ray burst on Earth and its ecological impact.